SAMSUNG

FAMOUS MOBILE PHONES:

SAMSUNG:
The Samsung Group is the world's largest conglomerate and leading several industries in the world. the meaning of the Korean word Samsung is "tristar" or "three stars".

Founded: 1938 in Daegu, South Korea.
HeadQuarters: Seocho Samsung Town in Seoul, South Korea.
Key People: Lee Kun-hee: Former Chairman and CEO, Lee Soo-bin
Products: Digital cameras, Printers, Video camcorders, Mobies etc.
Revenue: $174.2 billion.
Employees: 263,000 (2007).
Subsdiaries: Samsung Electronics,Samsung Heavy Industries,Samsung Engineering & Construction, etc.
Website: http://www.samsung.com/

HISTORY OF SAMSUNG:
Samsung has been dedicated to making a better world through advanced technology, semiconductors, skyscraper, plant construction, petro chemicals, finance, medicine and mobiles.

Samsung has taken the world in imaginative new directions.

Samsung's history starts from the 19th century.

1938: A small business was founded by Lee-Byung-Chull as 'Samsung Store' at Daegu.

1950: Lee-Byung-Chull in Seoul(YPM) founded a Samsung Trading Company.

1953: Samsung started Sugar Production.

1958: Samsung started insurance business.

1964: A Company named Tongyang Broadcasting Company (TBC) started by Samsung.

1969: Samsung Electronics was founded.

1974: Samsung Petrochemical and Heavy Industries were founded.

1977: Samsung Construction was merged and samsung ship building was formed.

1983: A 64k DRAM Computer chip was produced by samsung.

1996: The CDMA Handset/system was commercialized.

1997: The GSM Handset was commercialized.
2002: Commercialization of World’s 1st Handset/System - CDMA2000 1X EV-DO.

PRODUCTS:
Samsung innovative technology,distinctive design and a dual focus on convenience and value, Samsung has been at the forefront of the digital revolution. Some of its Products are listed
below,

• Samsung is the world's second largest mobile phone maker.
• Samsung is the world's largest manufacturer of Televisions and various other Consumer Electronics.
• Samsung is the world's largest producer of DRAM, SRAM.
• Samsung is currently the world's No. 3 maker of compact Cameras.
• Samsung is the world's largest manufacturer of LCD displays, and the first manufacturer of LED TVs.
• Samsung is a leading manufacturer of computers such as the Q1 Ultra Mobile PC.
• Samsung is the world's largest manufacturer of Laser Printers.
• Samsung, the world’s number one manufacturer of CRT and TFT computer monitors.
• Samsung is the world's 4th-largest manufacturer of Hard Disk Drive.
  

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MOTOROLA

FAMOUS MOBILE MAKERS:
MOTOROLA:
Motorola is an American, multinational, Fortune 100, telecommunications company based in Schaumburg, Illinois.

Founded: 1928.
HeadQuarters: Schaumburg, Illinois, United States.
Key People: Greg Brown, President and Co-CEO Sanjay Jha.
Products: Microprocessor, Mobile Phones, Embedded Systems, Network Systems.
Revenue: $36.622 billion USD(2007).
Employees: 66,000.
Website: http://www.motorola.com/.

ACHIEVEMENTS:
Motorola has been at the forefront of communication inventions and innovations for nearly 80 years. Motorola achieved extraordinary accomplishments along the way, such as making the equipment that carried the first words from the moon and leading the cellular communication revolution with the development of the world’s first handheld portable cellular phone, the DynaTAC(DYNamic Adaptive Total Area Coverage). Motorola were the first to bring Push-to-Talk over Cellular to market. More recently, Motorola delivered the first all-digital high-definition television (HDTV) technical standard and demonstrated the world’s first WiMAX 802.16e mobile handoff.

HISTORY:
Motorola started in Chicago, Illinois as Galvin Manufacturing Corporation in 1928 with its first product being a battery eliminator. The name Motorola was adopted in 1930. Founders Paul Galvin and Joseph Galvin came up with the name Motorola.
History of Motorola(year wise) as follows,

1940: Motorola made battery eliminator for radios, through the first walkie-talkie in the world.
1952: Motorola opened its first international subsidiary in Toronto, Canada to produce radios and televisions.
1955: Motorola started its research and development laboratory in Phoenix, Arizona to research new solid-state technology.
1958: Motorola provided radio equipment for most NASA space-flights for decades including during the 1969 moon landing.
1960: Motorola introduced the world's first "large-screen" (19-inch), transistorized, cordless portable television.
1974: Motorola sold its television business.
1976: Motorola moved to its present headquarters in Schaumburg.
1983: Motorola made the FCC approved the DynaTAC 8000X telephone, the world's first-only commercial cellular device.
1986: Motorola invented the Six Sigma quality improvement process. This became a global standard.
1991: Motorola demonstrated the world's first working-prototype digital cellular system and phones using GSM standard.
2000: Motorola and Cisco supplied the world's first commercial GPRS cellular network to BT Cellnet in the United Kingdom.
2002: Motorola introduced the world's first wireless cable modem gateway.
2003: Motorola introduced the world's first handset to combine a Linux operating system and Java technology with full PDA functionality.

MOBILE DEVICES:
The mobile device is the hub of people’s lives, keeping them connected to the Internet, people, digital images, entertainment and content. The Mobile Devices business designs, manufactures, sells and services wireless handsets with integrated software and accessory products, and licenses intellectual property.

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NOKIA

FAMOUS MOBILE PHONE MAKERS:

NOKIA:

Nokia Corporation is a Finnish multinational communications corporation, headquartered in Keilaniemi, Espoo, a city neighbouring Finland's capital Helsinki.

Founded: Tampere,Finland(1865) incorporated in Nokia(1871).
Founder: Fredrik Idestam.
Headquarters: Espoo, South East Asia.
Area Served: World.
Key People: Kari Kairamo, CEO in the 1980s. Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo, President & CEO Jorma,Smartphones,Multimedia, computers,Networks.
Revenue: €50.722 bn (2008).
Operating income: €4.966 bn (2008).

Employees: 128,445 as of December 31, 2008.

Website: www.Nokia.com.

HISTORY:
The history of Nokia goes back to 1865. That was when Fredrik Idestam built a wood pulp mill on the banks of the Tammerkoski rapids, in southern Finland. Idestam brought a new, cheaper paper manufacturing process to Finland from Germany, he is considered to be the father of Finland’s paper industry.
Idestam named his company Nokia Ab in 1871. A few years later, he built a second mill by the Nokianvirta river – the place that gave Nokia its name. The Nokianvirta river is named after a dark, furry animal that was locally known as the nokia – a type of marten.

FOCUS OF NOKIA CORPORATION:

Nokia is focused on wireless and wired telecommunications, with 128,445 employees in 120 countries, sales in more than 150 countries and global annual revenue of 50.7 billion euros and operating profit of 5.0 billion as of 2008. It is the world's largest manufacturer of mobile telephones. Its global device market share was about 37% in Q4 of 2008, down from 40% in Q4 2007 and down from 38% sequentially. Nokia produces mobile phones for every major market segment and protocol, including GSM, CDMA, and W-CDMA(UMTS). Nokia's subsidiary Nokia Siemens Networks produces telecommunications network equipments, solutions and services.

NOKIA FIRST MOBILE PHONES:

Nokia had been producing commercial and military mobile radio communications technology since the 1960s. Since 1964 Nokia had developed VHF-radio simultaneously with Salora Oy, which later in 1971 also developed the ARP-phone. In 1979 the merger of these two companies resulted in the establishment of Mobira Oy.

Nokia bought Salora Oy in 1984 and now owning 100% of the company, changed the company's telecommunication branch name to Nokia-Mobira Oy. The Mobira Talkman, launched in 1984, was one of the world's first transportable phones. In 1987, Nokia introduced one of the world's first handheld phones, the Mobira Cityman 900. While the Mobira Senator of 1982 had weighed 9.8 kg (22 lb) and the Talkman just under 5 kg (11 lb), the Mobira Cityman weighed only 800 g (28 oz) with the battery and had a price tag of 24,000.

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LIST OF MOBILE NETWORK OPERATORS

List of Mobile Network Operators:
There is a list of Mobile phone network operating companies. Firstly Terrestrial based.

TERRESTRIAL:
These are the world's largest mobile network operator listed by number of subscribers worldwide.

• CHINA MOBILE(CHINA):
  RANK: Number 1
  MAIN MARKETS: China (inc. Hong Kong) & Pakistan
  TECHNOLOGY: GSM, GPRS, EDGETD-SCDMA
  SUBSCRIBERS: 436.12 MILLIONS

• VODAFONE(UNITED KINGDOM):
  RANK: Number 2
  MAIN MARKETS: United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, France, Spain, Romania,
  Greece, Portugal, Netherlands, Czech Republic, Hungary,Ireland, Albania, Malta, Northern Cyprus, Faroe Island, India, USA, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Turkey, Egypt, Ghana, Fiji, Lesotho, Mozambique.
  TECHNOLOGY: GSM, GPRS, EDGEUMTS, HSDPALTE (planned)(CdmaOneCDMA2000 1x, EV-DO).
  SUBSCRIBERS: 280.5 MILLIONS.

• TELEFONICA/MOVISTAR/O2 (SPAIN):
  RANK: Number 3.
  MAIN MARKETS: Spain, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela, Ireland, Germany, UK, Czech Republic, Morocco, Slovakia.
  TECHNOLOGY: GSM, GPRS, EDGEUMTS, HSDPALTE (planned)(D-AMPSCdmaOneCDMA2000 1x).
  SUBSCRIBERS: 188.9 MILLIONS.

• AMERICA MOVIL(MEXICO):
  RANK: Number 4.
  MAIN MARKETS: USA, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Paraguay, Uruguay, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Ecuador, Jamaica, Peru, Brazil, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Ecuador and El Salvador.
  TECHNOLOGY: GSM, GPRS, EDGEUMTS, HSDPA(D-AMPSCdmaOneCDMA2000 1x, EV-DO).
  SUBSCRIBERS: 172.5 MILLIONS.

• TELENOR(NORWAY):
  RANK: Number 5.
  MAIN MARKETS: Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Hungary, Montenegro, Serbia, Russia, Ukraine, Thailand, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Malaysia.
  TECHNOLOGY: GSM, GPRS, EDGEUMTS, HSDPA.
  SUBSCRIBERS: 159 MILLIONS.

• CHINA UNICOM(CHINA):
  RANK: Number 6.
  MAIN MARKETS: China(inc. Macau).
  TECHNOLOGY: GSM, GPRS.
  SUBSCRIBERS: 127.6 MILLIONS.

• T-MOBILE(GERMANY):
  RANK: Number 7.
  MAIN MARKETS: Germany, USA, UK, Poland, Czech Republic, Netherlands, Hungary, Austria, Croatia, Slovakia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Puerto Rico, and U.S. Virgin Islands.
  TECHNOLOGY: GSM, GPRS, EDGEUMTS, HSDPALTE(planned).
  SUBSCRIBERS: 128.3 MILLIONS.

• TELIASONERA(SWEDEN):
  RANK: Number 8.
  MAIN MARKETS: Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Spain, Central Asia.
  TECHNOLOGY: GSM,GPRS,EDGEUMTS,HSDPA.
  SUBSCRIBERS: 115.0 MILLIONS.

• ORANGE/FRANCE TELECOM(FRANCE):
  RANK: Number 9.
  MAIN MARKETS: France, UK, Switzerland, Poland, Spain, Romania, Moldova, Slovakia, Belgium, Liechtenstein, Israel, Egypt, Ivory Coast, Jordan, Cameroon, Botsawa, Madagascar, Mali, Senegal, Mauritius, Réunion, Martinique, French Guiana, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Dominica, Dominican Republic.
  TECHNOLOGY: GSM,GPRS,EDGEUMTS,HSDPALTE(planned).
  SUBSCRIBERS: 111.884 MILLIONS.

• MTS(RUSSIA):
  RANK: Number 10.
  MAIN MARKETS: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Armenia.
  TECHNOLOGY: GSM,GPRS,EDGEUMTS.
  SUBSCRIBERS: 91.73 MILLIONS.

• BHARTI AIRTEL(INDIA):
  RANK: Number 11.
  MAIN MARKETS: India, Seychelles, Jersey, Guernsey, Sri Lanka.
  TECHNOLOGY: GSM, GPRS, EDGE.
  SUBSCRIBERS: 85.65 MILLIONS.

• VERIZON WIRELESS(United States):
  RANK: Number 12.
  MAIN MARKET: United States.
  TECHNOLOGY: CdmaOneCDMA2000 1x, EV-DOLTE.
  SUBSCRIBERS: 83.7 MILLIONS.

• MTN GROUP(SOUTH AFRICA):
  RANK: Number 13.
  MAIN MARKET: Afghanistan, Benin, Botswana, Cameroon, Republic of Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Cyprus, Ghana, Guinea Bissau, Republic of Guinea, Iran, Liberia, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Syria, Uganda, Yemen, Zambia.
  TECHNOLOGY: GSM,GPRS,EDGEUMTS,HSDPA,HSUPA.
  SUBSCRIBERS: 80.74 MILLIONS.

• AT&T MOBILITY(UNITED STATES):
  RANK: Number 14.
  MAIN MARKET: United States, Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands.
  TECHNOLOGY: GSM,GPRS,EDGEUMTS,HSDPA,HSUPALTE(planned).
  SUBSCRIBERS: 77.0 MILLIONS.

• SINGTEL(SINGAPORE):
  RANK: Number 15.
  MAIN MARKET: Singapore, Australia, India, Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines, Bangladesh, Pakistan.
  TECHNOLOGY: GSMUMTS,HSDPA.
  SUBSCRIBERS: 70.76 MILLIONS.

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WHICH MOBILE PHONE IS BEST FOR YOU

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HOW TO CHOOSE A MOBILE PHONE

How To Choose a Mobile Phone:
There are many good reasons to choose a mobile phone. A decade or so ago, mobile phones were only expensive business accessories. They were bulky and ugly, often hidden inside a bag, just as the use of mobile phones has increased so has their beauty and their functions. Advances are constantly being made in the field of cell phone technology, which means that there are always newer cell phone models coming out on the market with more and more advanced features. Here are some of the tips to choose a Mobile phone.

• FASHION: The structure of a mobile phone attracts many mobile phone purchasers. One mobile phone that fits this category is the Motorola Razr. Red, pink, blue, green and basic black is just a few of the available colors. Fashion does not stop there. Skins (decorative covers) can be snapped onto the outside of a mobile phone to add both protections from scratches and dings and personalized style.


• FEATURES: Features cause the greatest stress level when choosing a mobile phone. No one Phone provides all of the available features across the market. The features add up a lot of fun in a mobile phone. You can play Games, connect to the Internet if you have GPRS facility, have hands free use of the phone, use Multimedia Messaging Service(MMS) and you can have customizable ring tones, roaming, SIM-free, text messaging, vibrating alert, voice mail and WAP. You'll find that there is a wide range and diversity of features from one cell phone to another, so look for the features that are most important to you and will be most often used, such as a speakerphone for hands-free use.


• The WARRANTY and COST: Cost of Mobile phone can place a large dent into a family budget especially when multiple mobile phones are in use. Find out the replacement cost before you buy a mobile phone. You may find that the replacement costs are up to four times as much as the original purchase price. Be sure that you understand all return policies regarding any phone that you are considering just in case you may need to return it, as some consumers have been hit with hefty restocking and cancellation fees when they decided to return their phone. So just be sure that you are fully aware of the cell phone provider's return policy on that particular phone before you buy it.


• TALKING and BILLS: For this, you will have to pick a network service that works in your area and has the type of services you will need from a service provider.
  
  Prepaid: This option is convenient and can be very inexpensive compared to other plans.
  
  Monthly Bills: You will have to watch the terms for this option to be sure you are not paying premium rates for your bills.
  
  Wireless Internet: You will get to know whether you can get a service that works well in your location.
  
  Amount of Talk Time: The life of the batteries will determine how long you can talk before the batteries need to be recharged. It is easier to use a phone with a long life battery because you will be able to talk longer without having to recharge your battery often.

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FEATURES OF MOBILE PHONES

Features of Mobile Phones:

There are many mobile phone features found in today's mobile phones that offer users many more capabilities than only voice calls or text messaging. They are as Follows,

SIM CARD:
SIM or Subscriber Identity Module is a portable memory chip used in some models of cellular telephones. The SIM card makes it easy to switch to a new phone by simply sliding the SIM out of the old phone and into the new one. The SIM holds personal identity information, cell phone number, phone book, text messages and other data. It can be thought of as a mini hard disk that automatically activates the phone into which it is inserted. Without a SIM card most mobiles can only call the emergency services in the part of the world you're in. None of the other functions will work. SIM card provides a bigger advantage for international travelers by taking your phone with you and buy a local SIM card with minutes. For example, a traveler from the U.S. staying in the U.K. can purchase a SIM card across the pond. Now the phone can be used to call throughout England without paying international roaming charges.

SMS Services:
Mobile phones do not only support voice calls, they can also send and receive data by sending short messages. Short Message Service (SMS) is a communications protocol allowing the interchange of short text messages between mobile telephone devices. The service allows for short text messages to be sent from one cell phone to another cell phone or from the Web to another cell phone. SMS text messaging is the most widely used data application on the planet, with 2.4 billion active users. Including spaces, text messages can’t exceed 160 characters.

WAP Services:
WAP stands for Wireless Application Protocol, and is more commonly referred to as "Mobile Internet". Most of today's mobile phones, smartphones and PDAs come with a built in WAP browser. With a WAP browser, you can access dedicated WAP pages while on the move. A WAP browser provides all of the basic services of a computer based web browser but simplified to operate within the restrictions of a mobile phone, such as its smaller view screen.

General Packet Radio System(GPRS):
General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is a packet oriented Mobile Data Service available to users of the 2G cellular communication systems Global System for Mobile Communications(GSM). The GPRS network is an “always on”, private network for data. It uses the GSM network to transmit and receive TCP/IP based data to and from GPRS mobile devices. GPRS is a best-effort packet switched service, as opposed to circuit switching.

Camera Phones:
There is no doubt that the worldwide boom in camera mobile phone is increasing. Camera Phones are mobile phones that are equipped with a camera. A camera phone is a mobile phone which is able to capture either still photographs or motion video. The CMOS active pixel image sensor "camera-on-a-chip" developed by Dr. Eric Fossum and his team in the early 1990s achieved the first step of realizing the modern camera phone, While the first camera phones, as successfully marketed by J-Phone in Japan, used CCD sensors and not CMOS sensors.

MMS Services:
Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) is an upgraded version of the SMS (Short Messaging Service) through which you can send and receive multimedia messages such as texts, pictures, video clips, audio clips, etc., with any other compatible cell phone. MMS messages are delivered in a fashion almost identical to SMS, but any multimedia content is first encoded and inserted into a text message in a fashion similar to sending a MIME e-mail. It's an advanced messaging service that lets users send multiple media in one single message to one or more recipients.

BLUETOOTH:
Bluetooth is a wireless protocol for exchanging data over short distances from fixed and mobile devices. Bluetooth technology allows electronic devices to communicate wirelessly. It can connect several devices, overcoming problems of synchronization. Bluetooth has a range of up to 30 ft. or greater, depending on the Bluetooth Core Specification Version. Newer devices, using newer versions of Bluetooth, have ranges over 100 ft. Bluetooth technology was first developed by Ericsson and then formalized by a group of electronics manufacturers (Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, and Toshiba) who joined forces to form a private trade association known as the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG)Memory Card:
A memory card (sometimes called a flash memory card or a storage card) is a small storage medium used to store data such as text, pictures, audio, and video. They offer high re-record-ability, power-free storage, small form factor, and rugged environmental specifications. There are also non-solid-state memory cards that do not use flash memory, and there are different types of flash memory. There are many different types of memory cards and jobs they are used for. Some common places include in digital cameras, game consoles, cell phones and industrial applications.

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THE FIRST COMMERCIAL MOBILE PHONE

The First Commercial Mobile Phone:

The Motorola DynaTAC 8000X was the first mobile phone to receive FCC acceptance in 1983. DynaTAC was actually an abbreviation of Dynamic Adaptive Total Area Coverage. Motorola’s DynaTAC 8000X was the world’s first commercially released mobile phone. Measuring 13 inch x 1.75 inch x 3.5 inches, this cell phone was released in 1983 with a price tag of $3,995. Motorola spent over $100-million and 15 years developing the technology. Martin Cooper, a former general manager for the systems division at Motorola led a team that produced the DynaTAC, first cell phone small enough to be easily carried. He is widely credited for making the first private handheld mobile phone call in history. The DynaTAC 8000X was truly the first mobile telephone which could connect to the telephone network without the assistance of a mobile operator and could be carried about by the user. It is a First Generation Mobile Phone.

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GENERATIONS OF MOBIE PHONES

Generations of Mobile Phones:
Mobile Phones have been categorized in 3 Generations

• 1st Generation(1G)
  
• 2nd Generation(2G)
  
• 3rd Generation(3G)
  

1st GENERATION(1G): 1G (First Generation) is the name given to the first generation of mobile telephone networks. The first commercial launch of cellular telecoms was launched by NET in Tokyo Japan in 1979. In 1981 the NMT system was launched in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. The first handheld mobile phone in the US market was the Motorola_Dyna 8000X referred to as First Generation or 1G, were introduced to the public market in 1983 by the Motorola Company, which received approval in 1983. Mobile phones began to proliferate through the 1980s with the introduction of "cellular" phones based on cellular networks with multiple base stations located relatively close to each other, and protocols for the automated "handover" between two cells when a phone moved from one cell to the other. Mobile phones were somewhat larger than current ones, and at first, all were designed for permanent installation in vehicles (hence the term car phone). The size of the mobile was very inconvenient. The main purpose of this First Generation technology was for voice traffic, but consumers felt insecure about people listening in on their conversations. These new mobile phones were also rather expensive, many of them costing hundreds of dollars.

First Generation mobile phone networks were the earliest cellular systems to develop, and they relied on a network of distributed transceivers to communicate with the mobile phones. First Generation phones were also analogue, used for voice calls only, and their signals were transmitted by the method of frequency modulation. These systems typically allocated one 25 MHz frequency band for the signals to be sent from the cell base station to the handset, and a second different 25 MHz band for signals being returned from the handset to the base station.

2nd GENERATION(2G): During the 1990s, great improvements were made in the mobile phone technology, 'second generation' (2G) mobile phone systems such as GSM, IS-136 ("TDMA"), iDEN and IS-95 ("CDMA") began to be introduced. 2G phone systems were characterized by digital circuit switched transmission and the introduction of advanced and fast phone to network signaling..The second generation introduced a new variant to communication, as SMS text messaging became possible, initially on GSM networks and eventually on all digital networks. The first machine-generated SMS message was sent in the UK in 1991. Soon SMS became the communication method of preference for the youth. 2G also introduced the ability to consume media content on mobile phones, Finland was also the first country where advertising appeared on the mobile phone when a free daily news headline service on SMS text messaging was launched in 2000. Companies also strived to make the prices more affordable than the mobile phones of the 1980s. You could buy a decent cell phone with 2G technology for approximately $200 along with an airtime service. The cell phone industry was beginning to take off.

3rd GENERATION: The Third Generation technology, or 3G, is what many people currently use in their digital cellular phones today. Quite differently from 2G systems, however, the meaning of 3G has been standardized in the IMT-2000 standardization processing. This process did not standardize on a technology, but rather on a set of requirements (2 Mbit/s maximum data rate indoors, 384 kbit/s outdoors. This new technology is not only capable of transferring voice data (such as a phone call), but it is also able to transfer other types of data, including emails, information and instant messages. In fact, 3G systems are designed to process data, and since voice signals are converted to digital data. The first pre-commercial trial network with 3G was launched by NTT DoCoMo in Japan in the Tokyo region in May 2001. NTT DoCoMo launched the first commercial 3G network on October 1, 2001, using the WCDMA technology

In 2002 the first 3G networks on the rival CDMA2000 1xEV-DO technology were launched by SK Telecom and KTF in South Korea, and Monet in the USA. Monet has since gone bankrupt. By the end of 2002, the second WCDMA network was launched in Japan by Vodafone KK (now Softbank). In March the first European launches of 3G were in Italy and the UK by the Three/Hutchison group, on WCDMA. 2003 saw a further 8 commercial launches of 3G, six more on WCDMA and two more on the EV-DO standard.

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HISTORY OF MOBILE PHONES

History of Mobile Phones:
Although mobile phones have taken over our current society, they have been around for several decades in some form or another. This history of mobile phones chronicles the development of handheld radio telephone technology from two-way radios in vehicles to handheld cellular phones. In the beginning, two-way radios (known as mobile rigs) were used in vehicles such as taxicabs, police cruisers, ambulances, and the like, but were not mobile phones because they were not normally connected to the telephone network.
EARLY YEARS: Douglas H. Ring and W. Rae Young, Bell Labs engineers, proposed hexagonal cells for mobile phones in December 1947. Philip T. Porter, also of Bell Labs, proposed that the cell towers be at the corners of the hexagons rather than the centers and have directional antennas that would transmit/receive in 3 directions into 3 adjacent hexagon cells.The technology did not exist then and the frequencies had not yet been allocated. When Richard H. Frenkiel and Joel S. Engel of Bell Labs developed the electronics cellular technology was undeveloped till the 1960s.
Radio telephony was first used on the first-class passenger trains between Berlin and Hamburg in Europe in 1926. At the same time, radio telephony was introduced on passenger airplanes for air traffic security. Later radio telephony was introduced on a large scale in German tanks during the Second World War.
Recognizable mobile phones with direct dialing have existed at least since the 1950s.
The first automatic mobile phone system, called MTA (Mobile Telephone system A), was developed by Ericsson and was released in sweden commercially in the mid of 1950s. The upgrade version MTB was introduced in 1965 and used DTMF signaling. It had 150 customers in the beginning and 600.
In 1957, the young radio engineer Leonid Kupriyanovich in Moscow, Russia, made the experimental model of wearable automatic mobile phone ("radiophone"), called him as LK-1, with base station. LK-1 has 3 kg weight, 20-30 km operating distance. In 1958, Kupriyanovich made the new experimental "pocket" model of mobile phone. This phone has 0,5 kg weight. To serve more customers, Kupriyanovich proposed the device, named him as correllator. ("Nauka i zhizn", 10, 1958, p.66, "Technika-molodezhi", 2, 1959, 18-19)
In 1958 USSR also started the developing of "Altay" national civil mobile phone service for cars, based on Soviet MRT-1327 standard. The main developers of Altay system were VNIIS (Voronezh Science Research Institute of Communications)and GSPI (State Specialized Project Institute). In 1963 this service started in Moscow and in 1970 Altay service used in USSR for 30 cities. Last upgraded versions of Altay system still in use in some places of Russia as trunking system.
Bulgaria presented the pocket mobile automatic phone RAT-0,5 with base station RATZ-10 (RATC-10) on Interorgtechnika-66 international exhibition in 1966. One base station, connected to one telephone wire line, could to serve 6 customers.
Dr. Martin Cooper of Motorola, made the first US analogue mobile phone call on a larger prototype model in 1973.


Dr. MARTIN COOPER:
On April 3, 1973, Motorola employee Dr. Martin Cooper placed a call to rival Joel Engel, head of research at AT&T's Bell Labs, while walking the streets of New York City talking on the first Motorola DynaTAC prototype in front of reporters. Motorola has a long history of making automotive radio, especially two-way radios for taxicabs and police cruisers. Read more!

Mobile Phone

Mobile Phone:
A mobile phone which is also known as a wireless phone, cell phone, or cellular telephone is a long-range, electronic device. A hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter or a portable telephone that connects with the telephone network over radio wave transmission. It is used for mobile voice or data communication over a network of specialized base stations known as cell sites. Mobile phones connect to a wireless communications network through radio wave or satellite transmissions. Most mobile phones provide voice communications, Short Message Service (SMS) and newer phones may also provide Internet services such as Web browsing and e-mail.In addition to the standard voice function of a mobile phone, telephone, current mobile phones may support many additional services, and accessories, such as packet switching for access to the Internet, gaming, Bluetooth, infrared, camera with video recorder and MMS for sending and receiving photos and video, MP3 player, radio and GPS.


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